CKGR Lion Research Appendix 4 Lion Body Measurements

For ANU Research Thesis entitled : The Ecology and Management of Kalahari Lions in a Conflict Area in Central Botswana.

Table 3.1

Summary of study lion collar data and demographic information, Collar type summary: VHF: Radio only, SToB: GPS store on board + Radio, RD: GPS remote download+ Radio, Sat: GPS transmitted daily by satellite + Radio. Reason for death code: A: Alive at end of study, NC: died of natural causes, SK: Confirmed shot for livestock killing, ASK: Assumed shot for killing livestock


Code	Nickname	Gender	Estimated age	Collar Types	Conflict/ Reason for death	Pride	First Month of study	Length of study	GPS fixes	PrideSize	Mean Foraging Group Size	Permanent Waterhole Within Range	100% MCP estimate	50% KDE estimate	KDE95	GPS Fixes	Total distance walked	Mean DMD
			(Years)					(days)		(adults)	(adults)		(sq.km)	(sq.km)	(sq.km)		(km)	(km)
BM052	Marco	Male	11	Sat	Yes, SK	Bokamoso	December, 2009	408	18,753	5	1.2	Yes	3,213.4	143.6	1038.5	18,753	4,360.2	10.7	±	3.4
PM014	Tristan	Male	12	SToB, RD, Sat	No, A	Passarge	August, 2009	964	30,401	12	2.5	No	3,316.3	318.1	1728	30,458	8,935.1	9.3	±	1.3
PM001	Passarge	Male	16	Sat	No, NC	Passarge	December, 2008	149	2,008	12	2.5	No	1,734.2	132.4	905	2,008	1,321.9	9.1	±	3.9
TM059	Bart	Male	6	RD, Sat	No, A	Tau Pan	March, 2010	743	26,206	3	2	Yes	4,243.7	476.1	2513.5	26,206	5,113.1	7.9	±	1.0
JM058	Wasp	Male	9	Sat	No, A	none	August, 2010	244	12,587	5	2.5	No	919.6	165.5	793.3	12,587	2,375.1	9.7	±	2.2
MM102	Mogoto	Male	7	Sat	Yes, ASK	Motopi	December, 2010	132	868	12	2.5	Yes	798.3	245.4	977.4	868	199.6	6.7	±	9.0
PF015	Isolde	Female	10	SToB, RD, Sat	No, A	Passarge	August, 2009	627	19,732	12	3.5	No	1,459.6	196.8	876.5	19,732	4,457.2	7.7	±	1.0
SF010	Steph	Female	9	SToB, Sat	No, A	San pan	July, 2009	805	27,560	5	3	No	2,076.6	204.3	1176.1	28,082	6,177.3	8.4	±	0.9
BF053	Cally	Female	9	SToB, RD	Yes, SK	Bokamoso	November, 2009	632	23,760	2	1	Yes	1,563.4	44.8	343.4	23,762	2,869.5	4.8	±	0.8
MF013	Rata	Female	3	SToB	Yes, A	none	July, 2009	116	2,546	5	5	Yes	3,085.1	740.5	3064.5	2,546	881.0	8.0	±	2.2
HF012	Tata	Female	8	SToB, RD	No, A	Hills	July, 2009	852	27,821	7	2.5	No	1,915.3	281.4	1126.3	27,822	6,543.4	7.8	±	1.1
SM009	Scar	Male	13	SToB, Sat, Sat	No, NC	San pan	July, 2009	604	25,491	9	1.5	No	1,632.6	169.33	904	25,491	6,614.6	11.0	±	2.3
JM068	Sega	Male	9	Sat	No, A	Junction	October, 2010	543	24,125	11	2.5	Yes	1,674.8	189.3	844.8	24,125	6,188.6	11.5	±	3.2
JM011	Madala	Male	12	SToB	No, NC	Junction	July, 2009	136	0	6	2.2	Yes	-	-	-	-	-		-
BM060	Chico	Male	4	VHF	Yes, SK	Bokamoso	October, 2010	108	0	3	3	Yes	-	-	-	-	-		-
JM057	Bee	Male	7	VHF	No, A	Junction	March, 2011	493	0	2	2	No	-	-	-	-	-		-
TM040	Nkosi	Male	5	VHF	Yes, ASK	Tau Pan	May, 2011	57	0	4	4	Yes	-	-	-	-	-		-
MM105	Corkwood	Male	5	VHF	Yes, ASK	Motopi	May, 2011	41	0	5	2.5	Yes	-	-	-	-	-		-

Table 3.2 Schematic of the time frame of the study, from June 2009 to July 2012 when the last collar was removed. This time frame excludes lion PM001 from 2007- 2008. Collar types are distinguished by colour (see key), and each month is coloured by the dominating seasonal attribute (red for dry and blue for wet season). Sum of GPS fixes excluding extra fixes (e.g. daily of 5 minute fix schedule fixes) are shown in final column. The reason for collar removal is given with this code (DN = Died, natural causes, SK, shot and killed, ASK = assumed shot and killed, CR = collar removed). Lion JM014 and MM107 were excluded from the final analyses.

Table X.4.1 Lion body measurements

In the interest of comparability, we followed de Waal, H., W. Combrinck, and D. Borstlap (2004, A comprehensive procedure to measure the body dimensions of large African predators with comments on the repeatability of measurements taken from an immobilised African lion (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoology 262:393- 398) for measuring anaesthetized lions in hand. We specifically used a cocktail of drugs with a proven track record for least-harm to the lions, including fastest recovery time. This cocktail means that lions are exceptionally ―lightly‖ anaesthetized, and care must be taken not to provoke a response from the unconscious lion. At all times the vet was in control of the situation and dictated what measurements could be taken if any. Taking the mass of the lion was the noisiest and potentially dangerous. Here we provide a list of actual measurements from lions. Three lions that were otherwise not part of this study are included here. They were fitted with VHF collars for social research.

	LionID	Date Collaring			Name		Age estimate		Scars					Pride		GPS(E)		GPS(S)		Sex
							(years)									DD		DD
	PM001	5/11/2008			Passarge		8							Passarge		23.5478		21.2504		M
	SM009	28/07/2009			Scar		6-8		Abscess-like wound on lower lip, large dorsal scar on mid-back, folded and full of ticks					San		23.1805		21.5518		M
	SF010	28/07/2009			Steph		4-5							San		23.3104		21.5386		F
	JM011	29/07/2009			Madala		8-10		Much facial scarring, older lion, abscess on lower lip					Junction		23.1782		21.5518		M
	HF012	30/07/2009			Tata		7-8							Hills		22.2976		21.3843		F
	MF013	29/07/2009			Rata		3.5							Motopi		23.1189		21.2252		F
	PM014	14/08/2009			Tristan		4-5							Passarge		23.5478		21.2504		M
	PF015	14/08/2009			Isolde									Passarge		23.5478		21.2504		F
	BM052	24/11/2009			Marco		6-7							Bokamoso		22.7198		-21.343		M
	BF053	25/11/2009			Cally		4-5		Nice scimitar shaped scar on right shoulder					Bokamoso		22.7575		-21.349		F
	TM059	22/03/2010			Bart		3-4							Tau Pan						M
	BM060				Chico		2-3							Bokamoso		22.7015		-21.335		M
	JM068	9/10/2010			Segafetso		5-6		Small facial scars					Junction		23.1712		-21.346		M
	MM106	19/12/2010			Mogoto		4-5							Motopi		23.1035		-21.011		M
	SM009	28/01/2010			Scar		8-9		Mid spine, large flap, full of ticks					San		23.2486		-21.535		M
	SF009				Steph		5-6							San		23.2171		-21.594		F
	MF013				Rata		2-3							Junction						F
	PF015	21/03/2010			Isolde		6-7							Passarge		23.5911		-21.233		F
	PM014				Tristan									Passarge						M
	BF053	8/09/2010			Cally		5-6							Bokamoso		23.6742		-21.329		F
	HF012				Tata		4-5							Hills		22.8767		-21.415		F
			Canine Length							Canine short width					Canine long width
LionID			UR	UL		LR		LL		UR	UL	LR	LL		UR		UL		LR		LL
			(mm)	(mm)		(mm)		(mm)		(mm)	(mm)	(mm)	(mm)		(mm)		(mm)		(mm)		(mm)
PM001
SM009
SF010				45				37			16.4		17.2				22.2				21.2
JM011
HF012			40.3	43.35		32.45		36.3		17.1	17.5	13.8	16.6		21.35		21.2		20		22
MF013			38.05			30.5				16.5		17.3			16.2				14.5
PM014
PF015
BM052			51.7	50.8		28		40.75		17.5	18.5	16.9	16.3		27.2		27.75		25.7		25.6
BF053			38.4	42.1		34.5		40.4		15.	16.2	14.8	13.5		21.1		18.2		18.4		20.3
TM059
BM060			49			38				19.2		18			25.5				24
JM068				49				42.2			18.6		18				26.2				24.2
MM106			44								41				21				28
SM009			55.5			41.2				20.1		20.5			29.2				25.7
SF009
MF013
PF015
PM014
BF053
HF012

Key: UR =Upper Right, UL = Upper Left, LR = Lower Right, LL = Lower Left

Lion ID	Weight	Body Length	Tail Length	Total Body Length	Tail Circumference	Neck Girth	Chest Girth	Abdomen Girth
	(kg)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)
PM001
SM009	222	205	85	290	27	72	129	135
SF010	172	158	79	249		60	111	114
JM011	200	194	86	280	28		123	118
HF012	152	172	89	261	27	65	117	112
MF013	107	169	74	243	24	59	99	100
PM014	206	203	83	286	29.4	76	124	131.5
PF015	148	175	78	253	25	65	115	117
BM052	229	193	89	282	25	76.5	127	116
BF053	149	184	82	266	24	61	109	120
TM059						76.5
BM060	188	206	85	206	27.5	72.5	119.5	131
JM068		197	83	280		77	119	122
MM106	172	199	81.5	180.5	28	69	111	114
SM009	246					71.5
SF009	183					60
MF013	114					54	99	104
PF015	156	167	79	246	24	60	104	102.5
PM014						67
BF053
HF012

	Leg Length				Leg Circumference				Paw Length				Paw Width
LionID	FR	FL	RR	RL	FR	FL	RR	RL	FR	FL	RR	RL	FR	FL	RR	RL	Head Length
	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)
PM001
SM009	62	61	65	64			32	31			15	14			10	10
SF010		58		61		43.5		61	11	11		10.5	10	10		9	35
JM011		62		72		53		71	15	14	12	12			9	9	39
HF012	57		63		114.5		66		11.2	11	11.2	11.2	8.5	9.6	7	7.5	35
MF013	53		61		42		55			10.5	8.5	8.5			8.5	8.5	33.5
PM014	57	58		65		51		69.5	12	12	12	12	11	10	9.5	10	40
PF015
BM052		63		64		51		65.5	12	12			12	12
BF053	58		63		42		65		10		12		8.5		8
TM059
BM060	58	11.6	63.5								13.2		12.1	12.1	10.2
JM068	62	62	69						12	11	12.5	13	11	11	10	10	46
MM106	62		67		47		62		11	12	11		8	10	8		38
SM009
SF009
MF013
PF015		58.5		62.5		44		60.5	11	10.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	10	8	8	35.5
PM014
BF053
HF012

Key: FR = Front right, FL = Front Left, RR = Rear Right, RL = Rear Left

Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9